Clinical profile and outcome of acute nephritic syndrome in children from a tertiary care centre in south India: a descriptive study

Authors

  • Shemeena Valiyat Department of Paediatrics, Kunhitharuvai Memorial Charitable Trust Medical College, Mukkam, Kerala, India
  • Harsha T. Valoor Department of Paediatrics, Government Medical College, Manjeri, Kerala, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20171485

Keywords:

Acute glomerulonephritis, Acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis, Complement C3

Abstract

Background: Acute nephritic syndrome (ANS) is major cause of morbidity in developing countries. This study is an attempt to evaluate the clinical characteristics, complications and outcome of acute nephritic syndrome.

Methods:This hospital based descriptive study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Kerala, South India. 103 children with ANS were analysed. Detailed clinical examination and relevant laboratory investigations were done. These children were followed up for 1 year.

Results: Out of 103 patients studied 64% were male and 36% were female. The peak age group was 6 to 8 years. Skin infection was the most common predisposing condition (68.9%). Hypertension was present in 60.1% of patients. 26.2% of patients developed complications. Of these Acute renal failures was the most commonly encountered complication (18.4%). Proteinuria (87.4%) and microscopic hematuria (80.6%) were the most consistent features.  82.5 % patients had low C3 at the time of diagnosis. Majority of patients with low C3 level had positive ASO titre. (p = 0.014). At 3month follow up C3 became normal in 95.2% of patients. At 3 months’ majority of patients with normal C3 had incomplete recovery. (p = 0.010). At the end of 12m, microscopic heamaturia was present in 4 patients, persistent hypertension in 2 patients, 11 patients had proteinuria. These patients are kept under long term follow up.

Conclusions:Complications and morbidity is significantly high during the acute phase in ANS. This study highlights the need for long term follow up of these patients. 

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Published

2017-04-25

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Original Research Articles