Transient leukaemia of Down syndrome in a neonate: case report

Authors

  • Baraturam Bhaisara, Department of Pediatrics, HBT Medical College and Dr R N Cooper Hospital Municipal General Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
  • Charusheela Korday Department of Pediatrics, HBT Medical College and Dr R N Cooper Hospital Municipal General Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
  • Minal Wade Department of Pediatrics, HBT Medical College and Dr R N Cooper Hospital Municipal General Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
  • Chandra Kiran Chunchu Department of Pediatrics, HBT Medical College and Dr R N Cooper Hospital Municipal General Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
  • Priyanka Modi Department of Pediatrics, HBT Medical College and Dr R N Cooper Hospital Municipal General Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
  • Dinesh Kumar Singh Department of Pediatrics, HBT Medical College and Dr R N Cooper Hospital Municipal General Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20194615

Keywords:

Down syndrome, neonate, Transient abnormal myelopoiesis, Transient leukaemia of Down syndrome, Transient myeloproliferative disorder, Tumor lysis syndrome

Abstract

Transient leukemia of Down syndrome(TL-DS)  or transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD) or transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) is a hematologic abnormality characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of myeloblasts in peripheral blood and bone marrow which characteristically affects newborns and babies with Down syndrome. Children with Down syndrome (Trisomy 21) have a unique predisposition to develop myeloid leukemia of Down syndrome(ML-DS). In majority of cases of TL-DS, the GATA1 mutant clone goes into spontaneous remission without the need for chemotherapy. However, 10-20 % of neonates with TL-DS and silent TL-DS subsequently develop ML-DS in the first 5 years of life due to additional oncogenic mutations acquired by the persistent GATA1 mutant cells. We present here, one such case of Down syndrome with TL-DS in a neonate.

 

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Published

2019-10-21