Magnitude, risk factors and outcome of low birth weight babies admitted to neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary care centre in Puducherry, India

Authors

  • Maheswari K. Department of Pediatrics, Sri Venkateshwara Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Puducherry, India
  • Neha Sharma Department of Pediatrics, Sri Venkateshwara Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Puducherry, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20202153

Keywords:

LBW babies, Magnitude, Risk factors, Neonatal intensive care unit, Outcome

Abstract

Background: This study was undertaken to know the magnitude, risk factors and outcome of LBW babies admitted in NICU in a tertiary centre.

Methods: This is a hospital based, retrospective study, of LBW babies admitted to NICU of Sri Venkateshwara Medical College hospital and research centre, Puducherry, from Jan 2019 - Dec 2019.

Results: About 340 babies were admitted to NICU and 56 were LBW babies, 5 were excluded and 51 LBW babies analysed. Magnitude of LBW babies, 51 (15%). Socio demographic pattern showed, IUGR (62.7%). Term IUGR (52%) and preterm IUGR (9.8%). Preterm babies (37.2%). Preterms <28 weeks of gestation (7.8%), 28-34 weeks (9.8%) and 34 to < 37 weeks (19.6%). LBW babies <1kg (7.8%), 1-1.5kg (1.9%) and 1.5 to 2.49 kg (90.1%). Male (52.9%), female babies (47%). LBW babies from rural area (62.7%), urban area (37.2%). Among the maternal risk factors, maternal anemia was common (31.3%). Elderly primi (13.7%), PROM and twin pregnancy in (9.8%) each, bad obstetric history (7.8%). PIH, APH, GDM and oligohydramnios in (3.9%) each. Rh negative pregnancy, grand multipara, teenage pregnancy, ART with hypothyroidism and unbooked pregnancy seen in (1.9%) each. Fetal distress (19.6%). Morbidity was (92.1%). Most common was jaundice (31.9%), sepsis (21.2%). Feeding difficulties (19.1%), TTNB (17%), apnea of prematurity (14.8%). Hypoglycemia and HIE in (12.7%) each. Hypothermia and HMD in (10.6%) each. Seizures in (8.5%) MAS and NEC (4.2%) each, congenital anomalies and hypocalcemia in (2.1%) and mortality in (7.8%). Extreme prematurity, ELBW with sepsis and RDS being common cause of mortality.

Conclusions: Iron tablets intake, nutritional care, regular antenatal checkup, spacing pregnancy, avoidance of teenage and elderly pregnancy is important. Improving the infrastructure, manpower in NICU to manage preterm babies, when surfactant and ventilation is given.

References

Sharma M, Mishra S. Maternal risk factors and consequences of low birth weight in Infants. IOSR J Humanities Social Sci. 2013 Jul-Aug;13(4):39-45.

Lee AC, Katz J, Blencowe H, Cousens S, Kozuki N, Vogel JP, et al. National and regional estimates of term and preterm babies born small for gestational age in 138 low-income and middle-income countries in 2010. Lancet Glob Health. 2013Jul;1(1):e26-36.

Louis B, Steven B, Margret N, Ronald N, Emmanuel L, Tadeo N, et al. Prevalence and Factors Associated with Low Birth Weight among Teenage Mothers in New Mulago Hospital: A Cross Sectional Study. J Health Sci (El Monte). 2016;4:192-9.

Gebregzabiherher Y, Haftu A, Weldemariam S, Gebrehiwet H. The Prevalence and Risk Factors for Low Birth Weight among Term Newborns in Adwa General Hospital, Northern Ethiopia. Obstet Gynecol Int. 2017;2149156:1-7.

Singh G, Chouhan R, Sidhu K. Maternal Factors for Low Birth Weight Babies. Med J Armed Forces India. 2009 Jan;65(1):10-2.

Mekie M, Taklual W. Magnitude of low birth weight and maternal risk factors among women who delivered in Debre Tabor Hospital, Amhara Region, Ethiopia: a facility based cross- sectional study. Italian J Pediatr. 2019 Jul;45(86):1-6.

Das BK, Mishra RN, Mishra OP, Bhargava V, Prakash A. Comparative Outcome of Low Birth Weight Babies. Indian Pediatr. 1993;30(1):15-21.

Siramaneerat I, Agushybana F, Meebunmak Y. Maternal Risk Factors Associated with Low Birth Weight in Indonesia. Open Public Health J. 2018;11:376-83.

Bharati P, Pal M, Bandyopadhyay M, Bhakta A, Chakraborty S. Prevalence and Causes of Low Birth Weight in India. Malaysian J Nutr. 2011;17(3):301-13.

Chidiebere ODI, Uchenna E, Ikenna KN, Christian I, Nwabueze AI, Ogechukwu FA. The Low-birth weight Infants: Pattern of Morbidity and Mortality in a tertiary Health care Facility in the South Eastern Nigeria. Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2018;8:4-10.

Borah M, Baruah R. Morbidity status of low birth weight babies in rural areas of Assam: A prospective longitudinal study. J Family Med Prim Care. 2015Jul-Sep;4(3):380-3.

Mishra S, Joshi M. Low birth weight babies- risk factors and complications: a clinical study. Inter J Contempor Med Res. 2017;4(1):149-50.

Veelken N, Stollhoff K, Claussen M. Development and perinatal risk factors of very low-birth-weight infants. Small versus appropriate for gestational age. Neuropediatr. 1992; 23(2):102-7.

Ballot DE, Potterton J, Chirwa T, Hilburn N, Cooper PA. Developmental outcome of very low birth weight infants in a developing country. BMC Pediatr. 2012 Feb;12:11.

Kaur M, Chauhan A, Manzar MD, Rajput MM. Maternal Anaemia and Neonatal Outcome: A Prospective Study on Urban Pregnant Women. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015Dec;9(12):QC04-8.

Bodnar LM, Platt RW, Simhan HN. Early-Pregnancy Vitamin D Deficiency and Risk of Preterm Birth Subtypes. Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Feb;125(2):439-47.

Kathpalia SK, Brig, Krishan K, Sharma A, Cdr W. Complications in pregnancies after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Med J Armed Forces India. 2016 Jul;72(3):211-4.

Pattar M, Das L. A study of morbidity and mortality profile among preterms suffering from Hyaline Membrane Disease in a tertiary care hospital in Cuttack, India. Int J Contemp Pediatr. 2018;5:1330-3.

Glass HC, Costarino AT, Stayer SA, Brett C, Cladis F, Davis PJ. Outcomes for Extremely Premature Infants. Anesth Analg. 2015 Jun; 120(6):1337-51.

Downloads

Published

2020-05-22

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles