Child with diphtheria pertussis and tetanus induced afebrile seizures

Authors

  • Vijay B. Sonawane Department of Pediatrics, D. Y. Patil Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
  • V. Kotrashetti Department of Pediatrics, D. Y. Patil Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
  • Kapil Bainade Department of Pediatrics, D. Y. Patil Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
  • Shweta Nair Department of Pediatrics, D. Y. Patil Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
  • Samarth Gupta Department of Pediatrics, D. Y. Patil Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20205104

Keywords:

DPT vaccine, Adverse reactions, Pertussis, Seizures, Immunization

Abstract

Current childhood vaccines are safe and effective but diphtheria pertussis and tetanus vaccine (DPT) has been considered to be one of the most reactogenic. The adverse reactions after immunization with adsorbed DPT vaccine have been widely debated and publicized. The conventional whole cell pertussis vaccines expected to give certain minor and local reactions as it contains lipopolysaccharide and active pertussis toxin (PT). Reactions occurring after DPT vaccine have been described mostly to the pertussis component of the vaccine. Vaccination with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and whole cell pertussis, DPT vaccine was associated with a risk of seizures and encephalopathy.

References

Miller D, Wadsworth J, Ross E. Severe neurological illness: further analyses of the British National Childhood Encephalopathy Study. Tokai J Exp Clin Med. 1988;13:145-55.

Madsen T. Vaccination against whooping cough. JAMA. 1933;101:187-8.

Walker AM, Jick H, Perera DR, Knauss TA, Thompson RS. Neurologic events following diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis immunization. Pediatrics. 1988;81:345-9.

Griffin MR, Ray WA, Mortimer EA, Fenichel GM, Schaffner W. Risk of seizures and encephalopathy after immunization with the diphtheria- tetanus-pertussis vaccine. JAMA. 1990;263:1641-5.

Gale JL, Thapa PB, Wassilak SG, Bobo JK, Mendelman PM, Foy HM. Risk of serious acute neurological illness after immunization with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine: a population-based case-control study. JAMA. 1994;271:37-41.

Institute of Medicine, Committee to Review the Adverse Consequences of Pertussis and Rubella Vaccines. Adverse effects of pertussis and rubella vaccines. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1991.

Donnelly S, Loscher CE, Lynch MA, Mills KH. Whole-cell but not acellular pertussis vaccines induce convulsive activity in mice: Evidence of a role for toxin-induced interleukin-1beta in a new murine model for analysis of neuronal side effects of vaccination. Infect Immun. 2001;69(7):4217-23.

Farrington P, Pugh S, Colville A, Flower A, Nash J, Morgan-Capner P, et al. A new method for active surveillance of adverse events from diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis and measles/ mumps/rubella vaccines. Lancet. 1995;345:567-9.

Huang WT, Gargiullo PM, Broder KR. Vaccine Safety Datalink Team. Lack of association be- tween acellular pertussis vaccine and seizures in early childhood. Pediatrics. 2010;126(2):263-9.

Andrews N, Stowe J, Wise L, Miller E. Post- licensure comparison of the safety profile of diphtheria/ tetanus/whole cell pertussis/Haemophilus influenza type b vaccine and a 5-in-1 diphtheria/tetanus/ acellular pertussis/Haemophilus influenza type b/polio vaccine in the United Kingdom. Vaccine. 2010;28(44):7215-20.

Tripathi C, Patel M, Patel T. Diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), and tetanus vaccine induced recurrent seizures and acute encephalopathy in a pediatric patient: Possibly due to pertussis fraction. J Pharmacol Pharmacotherap. 2012;3(1):71.

Immunisation schedule. Available at: http://www.iapindia.org/immunisation/immunisation-schedule. Accessed on: 27 August 2020.

Downloads

Published

2020-11-24

Issue

Section

Case Reports