Clinical and hematological profile of anemia in children aged 6 months to 12 years at tertiary care hospital in central India

Authors

  • Priyanka Choudhary Department of Pediatrics, Chirayu Medical College and Hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
  • Saurabh Kumar Department of Pediatrics, Chirayu Medical College and Hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
  • Jaishree Ambhore Department of Pediatrics, Chirayu Medical College and Hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20213734

Keywords:

Anemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Sickle cell anemia, Vitamin B12 deficiency, Microcytic, Nutritional anemia

Abstract

Background: Anemia is a major global health problem. It results in significant morbidity and mortality among children.

Methods: It is a retrospective study carried out with the help of medical records of Chirayu Medical College and Hospital Bhopal, from January 2017 to December 2019. Total number of 138 cases were taken in study as per inclusion criteria. Anemia was diagnosed on the basis of hemoglobin level and age of presentation. Anemia was classified into different types as per different hematological parameters and other relevant investigations.

Results: Out of 138 children, 96 were found to be anemic. Majority of children were of age group 1 year to 5 years. There was male preponderance. It was found that 57% of children were anemic due to iron deficiency anemia, 16% were having thalassemia, 11% were having megaloblastic anemia, 5% with sickle cell anemia and 2% with aplastic anemia.

Conclusions: Iron deficiency anemia is a major cause of morbidity worldwide. Anemia control is a global priority. Strategies to combat anemia by forging public private partnership, iron supplementation program, iron fortification of food items (point of care and at the level of manufacturing) and dissemination of awareness regarding anemia and treatment should be implemented. Special care should be taken to diagnose and counsel other major causes of anemia like thalassemia depending on the endemicity.

Author Biographies

Priyanka Choudhary, Department of Pediatrics, Chirayu Medical College and Hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

Assistant Professor - Department of Pediatrics

Saurabh Kumar, Department of Pediatrics, Chirayu Medical College and Hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

Associate Professor - Department of Pediatrics

Jaishree Ambhore, Department of Pediatrics, Chirayu Medical College and Hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

Associate Professor - Department of Pediatrics

References

McLean E, Cogswell M, Egli I, Wojdyla D, de Benoist B. Worldwide prevalence of anaemia, WHO Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System, 1993-2005. Public Health Nutr. 2009;12(4):44454.

Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), Government of India, UNICEF and Population Council. Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS) National Report. New Delhi. 2019.

Keikhaei B, Zandian K,Ghasemi A, Tabibi R. Iron- deficiency anemia among children in southwest Iran. Food and Nutrition Bulletin©. The United Nations University. 2007;28(4):406-11.

Shally A, Rohini D, Tuhina V, Sheila V. Anemia and Undernutrition among Preschool Children in Uttar Pradesh, India. Indian Pediatrics. 2003;40:985-90.

Sarah EC, Zuguo M, Freedman DS, A Looker AC, Ogden CL, Gunter E, et al. Unexplained decline in the prevalence of anemia among US children and women between 1988-1994 and 1999-2002. Am J of Clin Nutr. 2008;88(6):1611-7.

Nutritional anaemias: tools for effective prevention and control. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications /i/item/9789241513067. Accessed on 24 March 2021.

Stoltzfus RJ, Dreyfuss ML. Guideline for the use of iron supplements to prevent and treat iron deficiency anemia. Washington (DC): ILSI Press. 1998.

Hunt JM. Reversing productivity losses from iron deficiency: the economic case. J Nutr. 2002;132(4):794-801.

Madoori S, Ramya C, Valugula S, Sandeep G, Kotla S. Clinico hematological profile and outcome of anemia in children at tertiary care hospital, Karimnagar, Telangana,India. Int J Res Med Sci. 2015;3:3567-71.

Meshram SA. A hospital based study on anaemia in children of Adilabad -a tribal district of Andhra Pradesh. Int J Biol Med Res. 2013;4(1):2894-7.

Venkatesh G, Talawar S, Shah BH. Clinical Profile of Anemia in Children. IOSR J Dent Med Sci. 2013;10(5):65-9.

Kalairajan S. A Study of Red Cell Distribution Width and RBC Indices in Iron Deficiency Anemia. Asian J Med Res. 2019;8(2):11-4.

Thompson B. Food-based approaches for combating iron deficiency. In Nutritional Anemia, Zimmermann MB, Kraemer K, Editors. SIGHT and LIFE Press, Basel, Switzerland. 2007;338-58,

Theurl I, Mattle V, Seifert M, Mariani M, Marth C, Weiss G. Dysregulated monocyte iron homeostasis and erythropoietin formation in patients with anemia of chronic disease. Blood. 2006;107(10):4142-8.

WHO guideline: Use of multiple micronutrient powders for point-of-use fortification of foods consumed by infants and young children aged 6–23 months and children aged 2–12 years. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241549943. Accessed on 24 March 2021.

DeMaeyer E, Adiels-Tegman M. The prevalence of anemia in the world. World Health Stat Q. 1985;38:302-16.

Downloads

Published

2021-09-23

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles